🔬 MemoLearning Calculus II

Advanced integration techniques, sequences, series, and polar coordinates

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Curriculum Overview

9
Total Units
~160
Skills to Master
6
Core Units
3
Advanced Units
1

Advanced Integration Techniques

Master sophisticated integration methods for complex functions.

  • Integration by parts and repeated integration by parts
  • Trigonometric integrals and trigonometric substitution
  • Partial fraction decomposition
  • Improper integrals with infinite limits
  • Improper integrals with discontinuous integrands
  • Comparison tests for improper integrals
  • Integration using tables and computer algebra systems
2

Applications of Integration

Solve real-world problems using advanced integration applications.

  • Arc length of curves in Cartesian and parametric form
  • Surface area of revolution
  • Volumes using disk, washer, and shell methods
  • Work, force, and fluid pressure problems
  • Center of mass and moments of inertia
  • Economic applications: consumer and producer surplus
  • Probability density functions and expected values
3

Differential Equations

Solve first-order differential equations and their applications.

  • Separable differential equations
  • Linear first-order differential equations
  • Exact differential equations and integrating factors
  • Homogeneous differential equations
  • Bernoulli equations
  • Modeling with differential equations
  • Exponential growth and decay models
  • Logistic growth and carrying capacity
4

Sequences and Series

Explore infinite sequences, series convergence, and series representations.

  • Sequences: limits, monotonic sequences, bounded sequences
  • Infinite series and partial sums
  • Geometric series and p-series
  • Integral test and comparison tests
  • Alternating series and alternating series test
  • Ratio test and root test
  • Absolute vs. conditional convergence
  • Strategy for testing series convergence
5

Power Series

Understand power series, Taylor series, and function approximations.

  • Power series and radius of convergence
  • Interval of convergence and endpoint behavior
  • Differentiation and integration of power series
  • Taylor and Maclaurin series
  • Taylor polynomials and remainder theorems
  • Common Maclaurin series (e^x, sin x, cos x, ln(1+x))
  • Binomial series
  • Applications: approximation and error estimation
6

Parametric Equations

Work with parametric curves, calculus with parametric equations.

  • Parametric equations and parametric curves
  • Eliminating parameters
  • Calculus with parametric equations
  • Derivatives of parametric equations (dy/dx)
  • Second derivatives and concavity
  • Arc length of parametric curves
  • Surface area with parametric equations
  • Parametric equations in physics: projectile motion
7

Polar Coordinates

Master polar coordinate system and calculus in polar form.

  • Polar coordinate system and polar graphs
  • Converting between rectangular and polar coordinates
  • Common polar curves: circles, cardioids, roses, lemniscates
  • Calculus in polar coordinates
  • Derivatives in polar form (dy/dx)
  • Area in polar coordinates
  • Arc length in polar coordinates
  • Surface area of revolution in polar coordinates
8

Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions

Introduction to vectors in 2D and 3D space and vector calculus.

  • Vectors in 2D and 3D: components, magnitude, direction
  • Vector operations: addition, scalar multiplication, dot product
  • Cross product and applications
  • Vector-valued functions and space curves
  • Derivatives and integrals of vector functions
  • Arc length and curvature of space curves
  • Velocity, acceleration, and motion in space
  • Unit tangent and normal vectors
9

Multivariable Calculus Introduction

Begin exploration of functions of several variables.

  • Functions of several variables
  • Three-dimensional coordinate systems
  • Limits and continuity in several variables
  • Partial derivatives and their geometric interpretation
  • Higher-order partial derivatives
  • Chain rule for multivariable functions
  • Directional derivatives and gradient vectors
  • Tangent planes and linear approximation

Unit 1: Advanced Integration Techniques

Master sophisticated integration methods for complex functions that go beyond basic antiderivatives.

Integration by Parts

Master the integration by parts formula and strategy, including repeated applications and tabular integration.

Trigonometric Integrals

Integrate products of trigonometric functions using identities and substitution techniques.

Trigonometric Substitution

Use trigonometric substitutions to evaluate integrals involving square roots and quadratic expressions.

Partial Fractions

Decompose rational functions into partial fractions for easier integration.

Improper Integrals

Evaluate integrals with infinite limits or discontinuous integrands using limit processes.

Integration Strategies

Develop systematic approaches for choosing the best integration technique for any given integral.

Unit 2: Applications of Integration

Apply integration techniques to solve complex real-world problems involving geometry, physics, and economics.

Arc Length

Calculate the length of curves in Cartesian, parametric, and polar coordinate systems.

Surface Area

Find surface areas of solids of revolution using integration techniques.

Advanced Volume Problems

Solve complex volume problems using multiple methods and coordinate systems.

Physics Applications

Apply integration to work, force, fluid pressure, and center of mass problems.

Unit 3: Differential Equations

Learn to solve first-order differential equations and model real-world phenomena.

Separable Equations

Solve differential equations by separating variables and integrating both sides.

Linear First-Order

Use integrating factors to solve linear first-order differential equations.

Exact Equations

Identify and solve exact differential equations, including finding integrating factors.

Applications and Modeling

Model population growth, radioactive decay, cooling, and mixing problems with differential equations.

Unit 4: Sequences and Series

Explore infinite sequences and series, learning convergence tests and applications.

Sequences

Analyze convergence and divergence of infinite sequences using limits and theorems.

Series Basics

Understand infinite series, partial sums, and basic convergence concepts.

Convergence Tests

Master integral test, comparison tests, ratio test, root test, and alternating series test.

Absolute vs Conditional

Distinguish between absolute and conditional convergence and understand their implications.

Unit 5: Power Series

Master power series, Taylor series, and function approximations using infinite polynomials.

Power Series Convergence

Find radius and interval of convergence for power series using ratio and root tests.

Taylor Series

Derive Taylor and Maclaurin series representations for common functions.

Series Operations

Differentiate, integrate, and perform operations on power series term by term.

Approximation and Error

Use Taylor polynomials for approximation and estimate errors using remainder theorems.

Unit 6: Parametric Equations

Work with parametric curves and apply calculus techniques to parametrically defined functions.

Parametric Curves

Graph and analyze curves defined by parametric equations, eliminating parameters when needed.

Parametric Calculus

Find derivatives, second derivatives, and analyze concavity for parametric equations.

Arc Length Parametric

Calculate arc length for curves defined parametrically using the parametric arc length formula.

Motion Problems

Apply parametric equations to projectile motion and other physics applications.

Unit 7: Polar Coordinates

Master the polar coordinate system and apply calculus techniques to polar functions.

Polar System

Convert between rectangular and polar coordinates, graph common polar curves.

Polar Calculus

Find derivatives and slopes of tangent lines for curves in polar coordinates.

Area in Polar

Calculate areas enclosed by polar curves and areas between polar curves.

Arc Length Polar

Find arc length and surface area for curves defined in polar coordinates.

Unit 8: Vectors and Vector-Valued Functions

Introduction to vector algebra and calculus with vector-valued functions in 2D and 3D space.

Vector Operations

Master vector addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, and cross products.

Vector Functions

Work with vector-valued functions, their derivatives, and integrals.

Space Curves

Analyze curves in 3D space, finding arc length, curvature, and torsion.

Motion in Space

Apply vector calculus to problems involving velocity, acceleration, and motion in 3D.

Unit 9: Multivariable Calculus Introduction

Begin exploring functions of several variables and partial derivatives.

Functions of Several Variables

Understand and visualize functions of two or more variables using level curves and surfaces.

Partial Derivatives

Compute partial derivatives and understand their geometric interpretation as slopes.

Chain Rule Multivariable

Apply the chain rule to composite functions of several variables.

Gradients and Directional Derivatives

Find directional derivatives and gradients, understanding their relationship to optimization.