🗄️ MemoLearning Databases & SQL

Relational databases, SQL queries, design principles, and advanced database concepts

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Database & SQL Curriculum

15
Core Units
~200
Database Concepts
50+
SQL Commands
8
Database Systems
1

Database Fundamentals

Understand database concepts, models, and the role of Database Management Systems.

  • What is a database
  • Database vs file systems
  • DBMS architecture
  • Database models (hierarchical, network, relational)
  • Database users and roles
  • Database applications
  • ACID properties
  • Database advantages and disadvantages
2

Relational Model

Master the theoretical foundation of relational databases and their mathematical basis.

  • Relational model concepts
  • Tables, rows, and columns
  • Domains and attributes
  • Primary and foreign keys
  • Relational constraints
  • Entity integrity and referential integrity
  • Null values and their handling
  • Relational algebra operations
3

SQL Basics

Learn fundamental SQL syntax for creating databases and performing basic operations.

  • SQL introduction and history
  • DDL (Data Definition Language)
  • Creating databases and tables
  • Data types and constraints
  • ALTER and DROP statements
  • DML (Data Manipulation Language)
  • INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE operations
  • Basic SELECT queries
4

Advanced SQL Queries

Master complex query techniques including joins, subqueries, and advanced filtering.

  • WHERE clause and conditions
  • ORDER BY and sorting
  • GROUP BY and HAVING
  • Aggregate functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG)
  • INNER and OUTER joins
  • Subqueries and correlated queries
  • UNION and set operations
  • Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
5

Database Design

Design efficient database schemas using entity-relationship modeling and normalization.

  • Database design process
  • Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling
  • Entities, attributes, and relationships
  • ER diagrams and notation
  • Conceptual, logical, and physical design
  • Requirements analysis
  • Design patterns and best practices
  • Schema evolution and migration
6

Normalization

Eliminate data redundancy and ensure data integrity through normalization techniques.

  • Functional dependencies
  • Normalization objectives
  • First Normal Form (1NF)
  • Second Normal Form (2NF)
  • Third Normal Form (3NF)
  • Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
  • Higher normal forms
  • Denormalization strategies
7

Indexes and Performance

Optimize database performance through indexing strategies and query optimization.

  • Index concepts and types
  • B-tree and hash indexes
  • Clustered and non-clustered indexes
  • Index creation and maintenance
  • Query execution plans
  • Performance tuning techniques
  • Statistics and cost-based optimization
  • Index design best practices
8

Transactions and Concurrency

Manage concurrent access and ensure data consistency through transaction control.

  • Transaction concepts
  • ACID properties implementation
  • BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK
  • Isolation levels
  • Concurrency control mechanisms
  • Locking protocols
  • Deadlock detection and prevention
  • Optimistic vs pessimistic concurrency
9

Stored Procedures and Functions

Create reusable database logic through stored procedures, functions, and triggers.

  • Stored procedure concepts
  • Creating and executing procedures
  • Parameters and return values
  • Control flow statements
  • User-defined functions
  • Triggers and event handling
  • Exception handling
  • Best practices and security
10

Views and Security

Implement data security and access control through views, permissions, and roles.

  • View creation and management
  • Updatable views
  • Materialized views
  • User management
  • Authentication and authorization
  • Role-based access control
  • GRANT and REVOKE statements
  • Database security best practices
11

Backup and Recovery

Protect data through comprehensive backup strategies and disaster recovery planning.

  • Backup strategies and types
  • Full, incremental, and differential backups
  • Point-in-time recovery
  • Transaction log backups
  • Recovery models
  • Disaster recovery planning
  • High availability solutions
  • Replication and clustering
12

NoSQL Databases

Explore non-relational database models for modern application requirements.

  • NoSQL database types
  • Document databases (MongoDB)
  • Key-value stores (Redis)
  • Column-family (Cassandra)
  • Graph databases (Neo4j)
  • CAP theorem
  • When to use NoSQL
  • Polyglot persistence
13

Data Warehousing

Design analytical systems for business intelligence and data mining applications.

  • Data warehouse concepts
  • OLTP vs OLAP
  • Star and snowflake schemas
  • Dimension and fact tables
  • ETL processes
  • Data marts and data lakes
  • Business intelligence tools
  • Big data considerations
14

Database Administration

Manage database systems through monitoring, maintenance, and optimization tasks.

  • DBA roles and responsibilities
  • Database monitoring tools
  • Performance tuning
  • Capacity planning
  • Database maintenance tasks
  • Patch management
  • Troubleshooting techniques
  • Documentation and procedures
15

Emerging Database Technologies

Explore modern database innovations and future trends in data management.

  • Cloud databases
  • Database as a Service (DBaaS)
  • In-memory databases
  • Time-series databases
  • Blockchain and databases
  • Machine learning integration
  • Edge computing databases
  • Future database trends

Unit 1: Database Fundamentals

Understand database concepts, models, and the role of Database Management Systems.

What is a Database

Learn the definition of databases as organized collections of structured data for efficient storage and retrieval.

Database vs File Systems

Compare traditional file storage with database systems, understanding advantages of centralized data management.

DBMS Architecture

Explore the three-schema architecture and understand how DBMS manages data independence and abstraction.

Database Models

Study hierarchical, network, and relational database models, understanding their structures and relationships.

Database Users and Roles

Identify different types of database users from end-users to database administrators and their responsibilities.

Database Applications

Explore various database applications across industries and understand their specific requirements.

ACID Properties

Master Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability as fundamental transaction properties.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Evaluate the benefits and limitations of database systems compared to alternative data storage methods.

Unit 2: Relational Model

Master the theoretical foundation of relational databases and their mathematical basis.

Relational Model Concepts

Understand the mathematical foundation of relational databases based on set theory and predicate logic.

Tables, Rows, and Columns

Learn the basic structure of relational databases with relations, tuples, and attributes.

Domains and Attributes

Define attribute domains and understand how they constrain the values that can be stored.

Primary and Foreign Keys

Master key concepts for uniquely identifying records and establishing relationships between tables.

Relational Constraints

Implement business rules through domain, key, and general constraints in relational systems.

Entity and Referential Integrity

Ensure data quality through entity integrity rules and referential integrity constraints.

Null Values and Handling

Understand the challenges of representing unknown or missing information in relational databases.

Relational Algebra Operations

Learn fundamental operations like selection, projection, join, and union for data manipulation.

Unit 3: SQL Basics

Learn fundamental SQL syntax for creating databases and performing basic operations.

SQL Introduction and History

Understand the development of SQL as the standard language for relational database management.

DDL (Data Definition Language)

Master CREATE, ALTER, and DROP statements for defining and modifying database structure.

Creating Databases and Tables

Learn to create database schemas and table structures with proper syntax and conventions.

Data Types and Constraints

Choose appropriate data types and implement constraints to ensure data integrity and validation.

ALTER and DROP Statements

Modify existing database objects and safely remove structures when no longer needed.

DML (Data Manipulation Language)

Work with data using INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT statements for complete data management.

INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Operations

Master data modification operations with proper syntax, conditions, and error handling.

Basic SELECT Queries

Retrieve data from single tables using SELECT statements with basic filtering and formatting.

Unit 4: Advanced SQL Queries

Master complex query techniques including joins, subqueries, and advanced filtering.

WHERE Clause and Conditions

Filter data using complex conditions with logical operators, pattern matching, and range queries.

ORDER BY and Sorting

Sort query results using single and multiple columns with ascending and descending