☕ Java Programming Fundamentals

Master the world's most popular enterprise programming language and JVM ecosystem

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Java Programming Curriculum

18
Java Units
~150
Core Concepts
Java 21
Latest LTS
Platform
Independent
1

Java Introduction

Learn the fundamentals of Java and the JVM ecosystem.

  • What is Java?
  • Java history and evolution
  • Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
  • Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
  • Java Development Kit (JDK)
  • Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA)
  • Setting up development environment
  • First Java program
2

Basic Syntax & Structure

Master the fundamental syntax and program structure of Java.

  • Java program structure
  • Classes and objects basics
  • Main method
  • Packages and imports
  • Comments
  • Naming conventions
  • Code organization
  • Compilation process
3

Variables & Data Types

Work with Java's type system and variable declarations.

  • Primitive data types
  • Reference types
  • Variable declaration and initialization
  • Constants (final keyword)
  • Type conversion and casting
  • Wrapper classes
  • Autoboxing and unboxing
  • Default values
4

Operators & Expressions

Master Java operators and build complex expressions.

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Relational operators
  • Logical operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Bitwise operators
  • Ternary operator
  • Operator precedence
  • instanceof operator
5

Control Flow

Control program execution with conditionals and loops.

  • if, else if, else statements
  • switch statements
  • for loops
  • while and do-while loops
  • Enhanced for loop (for-each)
  • break and continue
  • Labeled statements
  • Pattern matching (Java 17+)
6

Methods & Parameters

Create reusable code with methods and understand parameter passing.

  • Method declaration and definition
  • Method parameters and arguments
  • Return types and values
  • Method overloading
  • Variable arguments (varargs)
  • Pass by value vs pass by reference
  • Static methods
  • Method visibility modifiers
7

Arrays & Collections

Work with arrays and various collection types in Java.

  • Array declaration and initialization
  • Multidimensional arrays
  • Array methods and operations
  • ArrayList and LinkedList
  • HashMap and TreeMap
  • HashSet and TreeSet
  • Collections framework
  • Iterators and enhanced for loops
8

Strings & Text Processing

Master string manipulation and text processing in Java.

  • String class and immutability
  • String methods and operations
  • StringBuilder and StringBuffer
  • String formatting
  • Regular expressions
  • Text parsing techniques
  • Character encoding
  • Locale and internationalization
9

Object-Oriented Programming

Master OOP concepts including classes, inheritance, and polymorphism.

  • Classes and objects
  • Fields, methods, and constructors
  • Access modifiers
  • Encapsulation principles
  • Inheritance
  • Method overriding
  • super keyword
  • Abstract classes
10

Interfaces & Polymorphism

Implement interfaces and understand polymorphic behavior.

  • Interface definition and implementation
  • Multiple interface inheritance
  • Default and static methods in interfaces
  • Polymorphism concepts
  • Dynamic method dispatch
  • Abstract vs interface
  • Marker interfaces
  • Functional interfaces
11

Exception Handling

Handle errors gracefully with Java's exception handling mechanisms.

  • Exception hierarchy
  • try, catch, finally blocks
  • Checked vs unchecked exceptions
  • throws and throw keywords
  • Custom exceptions
  • Exception best practices
  • Try-with-resources
  • Suppressed exceptions
12

Generics

Create type-safe and reusable code with generic programming.

  • Generic classes and methods
  • Type parameters and bounds
  • Wildcards (? extends, ? super)
  • Generic collections
  • Type erasure
  • Generic interfaces
  • Raw types and compatibility
  • Generic best practices
13

Lambda Expressions & Functional Programming

Master functional programming concepts with lambdas and streams.

  • Lambda expression syntax
  • Functional interfaces
  • Method references
  • Built-in functional interfaces
  • Stream API basics
  • Stream operations
  • Collectors
  • Optional class
14

Stream API & Data Processing

Process data efficiently using Java's powerful Stream API.

  • Stream creation and sources
  • Intermediate operations
  • Terminal operations
  • Parallel streams
  • Custom collectors
  • Stream performance
  • Debugging streams
  • Best practices
15

File I/O & NIO

Handle file operations and I/O with Java's IO and NIO libraries.

  • File and Path classes
  • Reading and writing files
  • InputStream and OutputStream
  • Reader and Writer classes
  • NIO.2 features
  • Files utility class
  • Watching directories
  • Memory-mapped files
16

Multithreading & Concurrency

Master concurrent programming with threads and synchronization.

  • Thread creation and lifecycle
  • Runnable and Callable interfaces
  • Synchronization mechanisms
  • volatile keyword
  • Executor framework
  • Concurrent collections
  • Locks and conditions
  • CompletableFuture
17

Advanced Java Features

Explore advanced Java language features and modern syntax.

  • Annotations and reflection
  • Enum types
  • Nested and inner classes
  • Records (Java 14+)
  • Pattern matching for instanceof
  • Text blocks
  • Switch expressions
  • Sealed classes (Java 17+)
18

Application Development

Build real-world applications with Java frameworks and libraries.

  • Console applications
  • GUI with Swing/JavaFX
  • Web development with Spring
  • Database connectivity (JDBC)
  • Build tools (Maven/Gradle)
  • Testing with JUnit
  • Logging frameworks
  • Deployment strategies

Unit 1: Java Introduction

Learn the fundamentals of Java and the JVM ecosystem

What is Java?

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed for platform independence.

Key Features: Platform independent, Object-oriented, Secure, Robust, Multithreaded

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

The JVM is the runtime environment that executes Java bytecode.

Java Application (.java)
JVM & Bytecode (.class)
Operating System

Development Environment

Setting up your Java development environment with JDK and IDE.

JDK 21 LTS Installation
IntelliJ IDEA / Eclipse Setup
PATH Configuration

First Java Program

Write and run your first Java application.

public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, Java!"); } }
Click 'Compile & Run' to see output

Unit 2: Basic Syntax & Structure

Master the fundamental syntax and program structure of Java

Java Program Structure

Understanding the basic structure of a Java program.

Every Java application must have a main method as the entry point

Packages and Imports

Organizing code with packages and importing classes.

package com.example.myapp;
import java.util.List;

Naming Conventions

Java naming conventions for classes, methods, and variables.

Classes: PascalCase
Methods: camelCase
Constants: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE

Compilation Process

How Java source code becomes executable bytecode.

.java
→
javac
→
.class
→
JVM

Unit 3: Variables & Data Types

Work with Java's type system and variable declarations

Primitive Data Types

Java's eight primitive data types for basic values.

byte short int long float double boolean char

Variable Declaration

Declaring and initializing variables in Java.

Click to see variable examples

Wrapper Classes

Object equivalents of primitive types for advanced operations.

Autoboxing automatically converts primitives to wrapper objects

Type Conversion

Converting between different data types safely.

Implicit conversion (widening) is safe, explicit casting may lose data

Unit 4: Operators & Expressions

Master Java operators and build complex expressions

Arithmetic Operators

Basic mathematical operations in Java.

int a = 10, b = 3; int sum = a + b; // 13 int remainder = a % b; // 1

Comparison Operators

Comparing values and returning boolean results.

==, !=, <, >, <=, >= for primitive comparisons
.equals() method for object comparisons

Logical Operators

Combining boolean expressions with logical operators.

&& (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT) with short-circuit evaluation

Operator Precedence

Understanding the order of operations in Java expressions.

Use parentheses to make complex expressions clear and unambiguous

Unit 5: Control Flow

Control program execution with conditionals and loops

Conditional Statements

Making decisions with if-else statements.

if (age >= 18) { System.out.println("Adult"); } else { System.out.println("Minor"); }

Switch Statements

Multi-way branching with switch statements.

Java 14+ introduced switch expressions with arrow syntax

Loop Structures

Repeating code execution with various loop types.

for, while, do-while, and enhanced for-each loops

Break and Continue

Controlling loop execution with break and continue statements.

Use labeled breaks sparingly; prefer structured control flow

Unit 6: Methods & Parameters

Create reusable code with methods and understand parameter passing

Method Declaration

Defining methods with proper syntax and conventions.

public static int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

Method Overloading

Creating multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

Overloading is resolved at compile time based on parameter types

Variable Arguments

Using varargs for methods that accept variable number of parameters.

public void print(String... messages) - varargs syntax

Parameter Passing

Understanding how Java passes parameters to methods.

Java is always pass-by-value, even for object references

Unit 7: Arrays & Collections

Work with arrays and various collection types in Java

Arrays

Working with fixed-size arrays in Java.

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; String[] names = new String[10];

Collections Framework

Dynamic data structures for flexible data management.

Click to see collection examples

List Interface

Ordered collections with ArrayList and LinkedList implementations.

ArrayList for random access, LinkedList for frequent insertions

Map Interface

Key-value pair collections with HashMap and TreeMap.

HashMap for O(1) access, TreeMap for sorted keys

Unit 8: Strings & Text Processing

Master string manipulation and text processing in Java

String Immutability

Understanding why String objects cannot be modified.

String concatenation creates new objects; use StringBuilder for efficiency

StringBuilder

Efficient string building for multiple concatenations.

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append("Hello").append(" ").append("World"); String result = sb.toString();

Regular Expressions

Pattern matching and text processing with regex.

Pattern and Matcher classes for complex text operations

String Methods

Common string operations and manipulations.

Always use .equals() for string comparison, not ==

Unit 9: Object-Oriented Programming

Master OOP concepts including classes, inheritance, and polymorphism

Classes and Objects

The fundamental building blocks of object-oriented programming.

Click to see class definition

Encapsulation

Hiding internal implementation details with access modifiers.

private fields with public getter/setter methods

Inheritance

Creating new classes based on existing classes.

Animal (Parent)
Dog extends Animal

Constructors

Special methods for initializing object instances.

Default constructor is provided if no constructor is defined

Unit 10: Interfaces & Polymorphism

Implement interfaces and understand polymorphic behavior

Interface Definition

Contracts that classes must implement.

public interface Drawable { void draw(); default void print() { System.out.println("Printing..."); } }

Multiple Inheritance

Implementing multiple interfaces to achieve multiple inheritance.

Java supports multiple interface inheritance but not class inheritance

Polymorphism

One interface, multiple implementations.

Runtime polymorphism through method overriding and dynamic dispatch

Functional Interfaces

Interfaces with single abstract methods, enabling lambda expressions.

@FunctionalInterface annotation ensures single abstract method

Unit 11: Exception Handling